Minutemen facing British soldiers on Lexington Common, Massachusetts, in the first battle in the War of Independence, 19th April 1775. Original artist William Barnes Wollen
By Chuck Baldwin
April 19 is rightly identified as “Patriots’ Day.” In truth, April 19, 1775, should be regarded as important a date to Americans as July 4, 1776. It’s a shame that we don’t celebrate Patriots’ Day as enthusiastically as we do Independence Day. It’s even more shameful that many Americans don’t even remember what happened on this day back in 1775.
This was the day the “shot heard ’round the world” was fired. It was the day America’s War for Independence began.
Being warned of approaching British troops by Dr. Joseph Warren (who dispatched Paul Revere and William Dawes to Lexington and Concord with the news), Pastor Jonas Clark alerted his congregants at the Church of Lexington that the British army was on its way to seize the colonists’ weapons and to arrest Sam Adams and John Hancock. Both of these men had taken refuge in Pastor Clark’s home with about a dozen of the pastor’s armed men guarding the house. Other men from the congregation (around 75-80 in number) stood with their muskets on Lexington Green when over 800 British troops appeared before them at barely the break of day. The militia commander, Jonas Parker, told his fellow colonists, “Don’t fire unless fired upon, but if they mean to have a war, let it begin here.”
According to eyewitnesses, British soldiers opened fire on the militiamen without warning (the British command to disperse and the British soldiers’ opening salvo of gunfire were simultaneous), immediately killing eight of the colonists (including Parker), of whom at least seven were Pastor Clark’s parishioners. In self-defense, the Minutemen took cover and returned fire. These were the first shots of the Revolutionary War.
Again, this took place on Lexington Green, which was located in the shadow of the church house where those men worshipped each Sunday. The men that were guarding Adams and Hancock escorted them out of harm’s way shortly before the troops arrived. Without a doubt, the heroic efforts of Pastor Clark and his brave Minutemen at the Church of Lexington saved the lives of Sam Adams and John Hancock. And eight of those brave men gave their lives protecting two men who became two of America’s greatest Founding Fathers. But, mind you, Jonas Clark and his men are as important to the story of America’s independence as any of our Founding Fathers.
According to Pastor Clark, these are the names of the eight men who died on Lexington Green on that fateful April morning: Robert Munroe, Jonas Parker, Samuel Hadley, Jonathan Harrington, Jr., Isaac Muzzy, Caleb Harrington, and John Brown, all of Lexington, and one Mr. Porter of Woburn.
By the time the British troops arrived at the Concord Bridge, hundreds of colonists had amassed a defense of the bridge. A horrific battle took place, and the British troops were routed and soon retreated back to Boston. America’s War for Independence had begun.
Yes, ladies and gentlemen, these two elements of our history are lost to the vast majority of Americans today: 1) it was attempted gun confiscation by the British troops that ignited America’s War for Independence, and 2) it was a pastor and the men of his congregation that mostly comprised the “Minutemen” who fired the shots that started our great Revolution.
With that thought in mind, I want to devote today’s column to honoring the brave preachers of colonial America—these “children of the Pilgrims,” as one Colonial pastor’s descendant put it.
It really wasn’t that long ago. However, with the way America’s clergymen act today, one would think that preachers such as James Caldwell, John Peter Muhlenberg, and Jonas Clark never existed. But they did exist; and without them, this country we call the United States of America would not exist.
Caldwell was a Presbyterian; Muhlenberg was a Lutheran; and no one really seems to know what denomination (if any) Jonas Clark claimed. But these men had one thing in common (besides their faith in Jesus Christ): they were all ardent patriots who participated in America’s War for Independence—and in the case of Jonas Clark, actually ignited it.
James Caldwell
James Caldwell was called “The Rebel High Priest” or “The Fighting Chaplain.” Caldwell is most famous for the “Give ’em Watts!” story.
During the Springfield (New Jersey) engagement, the colonial militia ran out of wadding for their muskets. Quickly, Caldwell galloped to the Presbyterian church, and returning with an armload of hymnals, threw them to the ground, and hollered, “Now, boys, give ’em Watts!” He was referring to the famous hymn writer, Isaac Watts, of course.
The British hated Caldwell so much, they murdered his wife, Hannah, in her own home, as she sat with her children on her bed. Later, a fellow American was bribed by the British to assassinate Pastor Caldwell—which is exactly what he did. Americans loyal to the Crown burned both his house and church. No less than three cities and two public schools in the State of New Jersey bear his name today.
John Peter Muhlenberg
John Peter Muhlenberg was pastor of a Lutheran church in Woodstock, Virginia, when hostilities erupted between Great Britain and the American colonies. When news of Bunker Hill reached Virginia, Muhlenberg preached a sermon from Ecclesiastes 3 to his congregation. He reminded his parishioners that there was a time to preach and a time to fight. He said that, for him, the time to preach was past and it was time to fight. He then threw off his vestments and stood before his congregants in the uniform of a Virginia colonel.
Muhlenberg was later promoted to brigadier-general in the Continental Army and later to major general. He participated in the battles of Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth, and Yorktown. He went on to serve in both the US House of Representatives and US Senate.
Jonas Clark
As I said at the beginning of this column, Jonas Clark was the pastor of the Church of Lexington, Massachusetts, on April 19, 1775, the day that British troops marched on Concord with orders to arrest Sam Adams and John Hancock and to seize a cache of firearms. It was Pastor Clark’s male congregants who were the first ones to face off against the British troops as they marched through Lexington. When you hear the story of the Minutemen at the Battle of Lexington, remember those Minutemen were Pastor Jonas Clark and the men of his congregation.
On the One Year Anniversary of the Battle of Lexington, Clark preached a sermon based upon his eyewitness testimony of the event. He called his sermon, The Fate Of Blood-Thirsty Oppressors And God’s Tender Care Of His Distressed People.
Book publisher Gerald Nordskog writes this about Pastor Clark:
Minuteman Statue on Lexington Green in Massachusetts
As the pastor of the church at Lexington, he typically gave four sermons a week, written out and orally presented—nearly 2200 sermons in his lifetime. His preaching was vigorous in style, animated in manner, instructive in matter, and delivered with uncommon energy and zeal, with an agreeable and powerful voice. His sermons were rarely less than an hour, often more.
(The Battle Of LEXINGTON: A Sermon And Eyewitness Narrative, Jonas Clark, Pastor, Church Of Lexington, Nordskog Publishing, California, 2007)
Of course, Clark, Muhlenberg, and Caldwell were not the only ones to participate in America’s fight for independence. There were Episcopalian ministers such as Dr. Samuel Provoost of New York, Dr. John Croes of New Jersey, and Robert Smith of South Carolina. Presbyterian ministers such as Adam Boyd of North Carolina and James Armstrong of Maryland, along with many others, also took part.
So many Baptist preachers participated in America’s War for Independence that, at the conclusion of the war, President George Washington wrote a personal letter to the Baptist people saying, “I recollect with satisfaction that the religious Society of which you are Members, have been, throughout America, uniformly, and almost unanimously, the firm friends to civil liberty, and the preserving Promoters of our glorious revolution.”
Thomas Jefferson wrote to a Baptist congregation and said, “We have acted together from the origin to the end of a memorable Revolution.” (McDaniel, George White, The People Called Baptists, The Sunday School Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, Nashville, 1918.)
And although not every pastor was able to actively participate in our fight for independence, so many pastors throughout colonial America preached the principles of liberty and independence from their pulpits that the British Crown created a moniker for them: The Black Regiment (referring to the long, black robes that so many colonial clergymen wore in the pulpit). Without question, the courageous preaching of America’s patriot pastors provided the colonies with the inspiration and resolve to resist the tyranny of Great Britain and win America’s freedom and independence.
America cut its spiritual teeth on the powerful preaching of men such as James Caldwell, John Peter Muhlenberg, and, yes, Jonas Clark. This is the fighting heritage of America’s pastors and preachers.
So, what has happened? What has happened to that fighting spirit that once existed—almost universally—throughout America’s Christian denominations? How have preachers become so timid and so cowardly that they will stand apathetic and mute as America faces the destruction of its liberties? Where are the preachers to explain, expound, and extrapolate the principles of liberty from Holy Writ?
I am absolutely convinced that one of the biggest (if not THE biggest) reasons that liberty and constitutional government are disappearing in America today is because the sermons most Americans usually hear from modern pulpits refuse to deal with the salient issues of the day, and, therefore, our Christian people are mostly uneducated and ignorant of the great Biblical truths relating to liberty and Natural Law. This milquetoast preaching has made it next to impossible to find Christian men with the courage and resolve, and more importantly, with the knowledge and understanding to stand against the assaults on our liberties.
Then again, for the most part, our churches have the kind of pastors that the people want, don’t they? I wonder just how many churches today would even tolerate the kind of sermons Jonas Clark delivered.
Garrett Lear, the Patriot Pastor, of Wakefield, N.H., addresses a crowd at a tea party rally in Capitol Park, Thursday, April 15, 2010, in Augusta, Maine. (AP Photo/Robert F. Bukaty)
So, ask yourself, dear Christian friend: If you claim to be a patriot, why do you stay in a church that lacks a patriot pastor? We have the kind of government we vote for and the kind of sermons we attend and support. If you want sermons that courageously deal with the Biblical principles of liberty, then support the preachers that deliver those kinds of sermons.
At any rate, April 19, marks one of the most significant dates in American history. And it is significant in great part because of the courage and sacrifice of ONE pastor and ONE church congregation: Pastor Jonas Clark and the Church of Lexington.
I wonder how many pastors across the country even bother to mention the significance of this day from their pulpits. Worse, I wonder how many people in the congregation even miss it when they don’t.
There have been regular sightings of a direct descendant of Jonas Clarke at the Lexington Commons during the annual Patriots Day Celebration. He’s often referred to as “The Patriot Pastor” and if you are interested in early American History you couldn’t find a better guide to direct your path. To learn more visit http://patriotpastor.com
